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چه می خوانم

chaperone:شخصي که همراه خانمهاي جوان ميرود، نگهبان ياملازم خانمهاي جوان، نگهباني کردن، همراه دختران جوان رفتن
(براي حفافت انها) اسکورت

understated:حقيقت را افهار نکردن، دست کم گرفتن
veracity:راستگويي، صداقت، راستي صحت

نوشته شده در دوشنبه بیست و پنجم اردیبهشت 1391ساعت 6:0 توسط سیمین|

Was on the verge of dozing off while doing my readings until I came across these lines:

“Sukarno, in arguing against economic theories that justified the perpetuation of Western colonialism, and in the belief that there was no reason whatsoever why Indonesia could not industrialise during the post-war era, told Indonesians that Western economics textbooks of all kinds were not divine laws and that a national revolution as the Indonesian one could not be measured by the standards of textbooks, even ones written by “BALD-HEADED PROFESSORS FROM OXFORD OR CORNELL UNIVERSITY.” 

No offence to my uncles or friends who are bald-headed but I just found that so amusing!! :p



verge:کنار، لبه، مشرف، نزديکي حدود، حاشيه، نزديک شدن مشرف بودن بر
(عمران) شانه راه، حاشيه (معماري) شانه تحکيم نشده، شانه تثبيت نشده، شانه نااستوار (حقوق) مقدار نامعيني از زمين، حريم شاهراه يا راه، شانه خاکي جاده
If you are on the verge of something, you are about to do it or it is about to happen
The verge of a road is a narrow piece of grass at the side.
If a particular quality verges on or verges upon another, it is very similar to it.

doze off:چرت زدن، خوابیدن
When you doze, you sleep lightly or for a short period.
Thomas dozed in the armchair.... I had a short doze at ten o'clock.

If you doze off, you fall into a light sleep.
He dozed off in front of the fire.

perpetuation:جاودان سازی
divine       دی واین:غیب گویی کردن، خدايي، يزداني، الهي، کشيش استنباط کردن، غيب گويي کردن
(روانشناسي) الهي

Something that is divine belongs or relates to a god or goddess.
These men had been operating under divine inspiration. 

Some people use divine to describe things that they like or enjoy very much; used in old-fashioned, informal speech.
Darling, how lovely to see you, you look simply divine. 

If you divine something that you did not know before, you learn it by guessing or by being very sensitive; a literary use.
She had divined something about me.... No watcher could have divined that he was really an assassin.


Aww thanks for the photos! And weekend? WHAT weekend?? Haha. I'll be drowning myself in readings and essays as usual! Haha. Bleagh. 

drowning (drown):غرق شدن، غرق کردن





نوشته شده در شنبه بیست و سوم اردیبهشت 1391ساعت 4:51 توسط سیمین|

Whatsoever:به هیچ وجه

beauty pageant: beauty contest


demonstration::نمایش، تظاهرات، نمایش تجربی، برهان، دلیل

demonstration is a public meeting or march held by people to show that they oppose or support something.

Four policemen and ten students were injured during the demonstration.


demonstration of something is a talk in which someone shows you how to do it or how it works.

Phil Rickman went to the College for the Blind for a demonstration of the machine by student Adama Bangura.


demonstration is also a proof that something exists or that something such as a theory is true.

...a demonstration of the army's strength.... ...a demonstration of support for Soviet arms control.... It was an unforgettable demonstration of the power of reason.


demonstration of a quality or feeling is an expression of it.

...spontaneous demonstrations of affection.... The actor had a tendency to play the soliloquy as a demonstration of indignation rather than an expression of self-disgust.


Discontent:نارضايتي، ناخشنودي، گله شکايت، ناخشنود کردن


disingenuous: بدون صراحت لهجه، دورو بدون صميميت

If you describe someone as disingenuous, you mean that you think they are slightly dishonest and insincere.

He wasn't being disingenuous.... `Do you mean,' she asked with a disingenuous smile, `that it was John?'


hatchment:صفحهاي که نشانهاي خانوادگي وسلاح شخص تازه مرده راروي ان نمود


oratorical:وابسته به سخنرانی

Oratorical means relating to or using oratory; a formal word.

...oratorical skills.... ...a long oratorical speech.







نوشته شده در جمعه بیست و دوم اردیبهشت 1391ساعت 5:49 توسط سیمین|

This year's report highlights the major impact nutrition has on thewelfare of mothers and children, in particular, the chronicmalnutrition that undermines physical and mental growth, producing stunting and what Save the Children calls the vicious cycle of mothers stunted in childhood who go on to give birth to underweight and vulnerable babies. 


Food emergencies compound the impact, and Niger is at theepicentre of the emergency currently developing in the Sahel. After two years at the bottom of the index Afghanistan has moved up one position, partly, Save the Children says, because it's invested in more front-line health workers. 


The agency says the simple measure of supporting more mothers to breastfeed could save a million children's lives a year. 


Save the Children identifies Norway as the best place to be a mother. It ranks the United Kingdom tenth.


Vocabulary and definitions


stunt:از رشد بازماندن، کوتاه نگاه داشتن، کوتاه، زور، شاهکار شيرين کاري، شيرين کاري کردن

(ورزشي) حرکت و پرش مدافع براي گيج کردن حريف مهاجم (ورزشي) ، بدل

nutrition :the process by which eating food makes someone 

healthy  

welfare :health and safety 

chronic: long-lasting 

undermines: weakensتحليل بردن، از زير خراب کردن، نقب زدن

 To undermine a feeling or a system means to make it less strong or less secure.

Public confidence in the company had now been completely undermined.... They resented measures which undermined their authority.


If you undermine a person, or undermine their position or authority, you make their authority or position less secure, often by indirect methods.

Mr Bush will be put in the awkward position of having to appease Mr Mandela while trying to avoid undermining President De Klerk.... He has fatally undermined Mrs Thatcher's authority.


If you undermine someone's efforts, or undermine their chances of achieving something, you do something which makes them less likely to succeed.

This will fatally undermine Gorbachev's efforts to bring the Baltics in to line.... The unions feel that without the rail link, Britain's chances of prospering after 1992 would be seriously undermined.


vicious:بدسگال، بدکار، شرير تباهکار، فاسد، بدطينت نادرست

She has a vicious tongue .بد زبان است


Someone who is vicious, or who does something vicious, behaves in a cruel and violent way.

...a vicious killer.... The hijackers had carried out a particularly vicious act of terrorism.


vicious cycle: a bad situation that repeats itself 

vulnerable : weak and easily harmed 

epicentre: central point 

front-line : important, actually doing the work 

measure action: ranks positions, scores 


نوشته شده در جمعه بیست و دوم اردیبهشت 1391ساعت 4:17 توسط سیمین|

How to knw one is a lamb and one is a goat? :) 

Hi Syahrum! That's a literally good question! A lamb is a young sheep. The differences between a lamb and a goat lie in their physical features as well as foraging behaviour. In terms of physical difference, goats have hair coats that do not require shearing or combing whereas most sheep grow wool coats thaneed to be sheared at least annually. Lamb tails are usually docked (shortened) whereas goat tails are not. Sheep and goats tend to behave differently as well. Goats are naturally curious and independent, while sheep tend to be more distant and aloof. Sheep have a stronger flocking instinct and become very agitated if they are separated from the rest of the flock. It is easier to keep sheep inside a fence than goats. Hope the info helps! :)

foraging:علوفه، علف
aloof:دور، کناره گير
Someone who is aloof likes to be alone and does not talk much.
He was an aloof loner with no sense of humour.
If you stay aloof from something, you do not become involved with it.
The Royal Family must remain aloof from party politics.

instinct :غریزه، شعور حیوانی
An instinct is the natural tendency that a person or animal has to behave or react in a particular way.
If it is your instinct to do something, you feel that it is right to do it.
My first instinct was to resign.

agitated: (روانشناسي) تهييجي [بي تاب]to
Someone who is agitated is so worried about something that they are unable to think clearly or act calmly.
He looked dishevelled and agitated.... She heard his agitated voice calling after them.... I sent agitated messages to Miss Gray.

agitate:کارانداختن، تحريک کردن تکاندادن، اشفتن، پريشان کردن، سراسيمه کردن
(علوم مهندسي) بهم زدن، تحريک کردن

If something agitates you, it worries you and makes you unable to think clearly.
I don't want to agitate him unduly. 

If you agitate for something, you talk and campaign enthusiastically in order to get it.
...a group agitating against the use of chemical fertilizers.


unduly:


ناروا، بي جهت، بي خود

(اقتصاد) اضافي، زيادي
You use unduly to say that something is done to an unnecessary or excessive extent.
This would not have surprised Morris unduly.... This attitude seemed to me unduly fussy. 

نوشته شده در پنجشنبه بیست و یکم اردیبهشت 1391ساعت 14:12 توسط سیمین|

Helen: Hi Chris, I see you've got an interesting new jumper. 

Chris: Ah, yes. I went to the market this weekend. I wasn't looking for a new jumper but I walked past a vintage clothing stall and this just caught my eye. 
Helen: Ow, did it hurt? 

Chris: No, no. It's just a way of saying it attracted my attention and it made me want to take a closer look. I eventually bought it for only £10. What do you think?

Helen: Well, it's OK. But I don't really like the yellow colour with orange sleeves. It's a bit bright. 

Chris: What do you mean? 

Helen: I have to be honest Chris: bright colours don't really suit you.

Chris: Oh. Well, it might not be to your taste, but I'm sure other people will like it. 

Helen: Jen, what do you think of Chris's outfit today?

Jen: Wow, that's an eye-catching jumper! Don't tell me you actually paid for that? 

Chris: Wh-

Helen: An eye-catching jumper. So when it catches your eye, you notice it.

Jen: That's right, Helen. But eye-catching doesn't necessarily mean it's bright – like Chris's interesting jumper. It can be something that you quickly see because it surprises or interests you. 

Chris: You can also catch other people's eyes. 

Helen: Urgh, I hope no-one throws their eyes at me!

Chris: It's a gesture that can be romantic - to catch someone's eye across a crowded room. Let's listen to some examples:

  • Jeff was about to give up and leave when he caught Sophie's eye at the bar.
  • David was impatient to leave the restaurant and raised his hand to catch the waiter's eye.

Chris: So you can grab someone else's attention by looking at them with your eyes. 
Helen: Hmm. If I see someone I like, should I be polite and ask them if I can catch their eye? 

Chris: No, it's just something you do when you look at someone. You don't need to ask. 

Helen: I'm looking around the room. I'm looking around the room. And now I'm looking at you, Chris. I'm catching your eye.

Chris: That's right.

Helen: I'm catching your eye! 

Chris: Well, it is only temporary. If you look for any longer it can become a stare. 
Helen: I've caught your eye! 

Chris: Yes, yes you have… OK, you are definitely staring at me now.


stare:خیره شدن

gaze:زل زل نگاه کردن

daze:خیره شدن، گیج شدن، ژولیده شدن

نوشته شده در پنجشنبه بیست و یکم اردیبهشت 1391ساعت 13:46 توسط سیمین|

The strong emphasis on educational achievement in China, Japan and other parts of South-East Asia may be coming at a heavy price. Researchers say that hard work at school plus the lack ofexposure to outdoor light is damaging the eyes of almost 9 out of 10 students - with 1 in 5 at serious risk of visual impairment and blindness.

The scientists say that young people need up to 3 hours a day of outdoor light - but many infants are also missing out as they napduring the middle of the day. Dr. Ian Morgan is the lead author of the study:

I think what's happened in South-East Asia is we've got a double whammy. We've got the massive educational pressures and we've got the construction of a child's day in a way that really minimises the amount of time they spend outside in bright light.

The scientists say that genetic factors, long thought to play a big role in short sightedness, are not as important as the environment. They point to Singapore as a place with several distinct ethnic groups, all of whom are now suffering high levels of myopia.

The authors suggest that mandatory time outdoors should be considered by educational authorities across South-East Asia as a way of dealing with the problem.


Vocabulary and definitions

emphasis:  special importance 

a heavy price:  a high cost / a big loss 

exposure : time spent being in contact with something 

visual impairment:    damaged sight 

nap  short sleep 

genetic  :connected with genes (units in the cells of a living 

thing that control its physical characteristics) 

a big role:    a major cause 

ethnic groups:  people connected by different nationalities or race 

myopia : short-sightedness نزدیک بینی

Myopia is the inability to see clearly things which are far away from you; a formal word.
If the eye is too long, the result is short-sightedness or myopia.

mandatory:  compulsory



نوشته شده در پنجشنبه بیست و یکم اردیبهشت 1391ساعت 13:35 توسط سیمین|


The demilitarized zone between North and South Korea is the most heavily fortified border on earth.
But the south is planning to open a new eco-tourism site along its frontier with North Korea. 
The buffer zone has been tightly restricted for more than 50 years creating an untouched nature reserve.
They hope to rebrand the area as a place of peace, not war. 


fortified : strengthened 


داراي استحکامات، قلعه دار محروس

(علوم نظامي) مستحکم، سنگربندي شده داراي استحکامات

demilitarized zone: a place where no military activity is permitted

eco-tourism: holiday industry in which care for the environment is promoted

buffer zone: an area intended to separate two fighting armies

rebrand: launch with a new identity

نوشته شده در پنجشنبه بیست و یکم اردیبهشت 1391ساعت 12:27 توسط سیمین|

BBC Learning English 

6 Minute English  

A Peruvian 'hero' 

 

6 Minute English © British Broadcasting Corporation 2012 

Page 1 of 4 

bbclearningenglish.com 

This is not a word for word transcript. 

William: Hello and welcome to another edition of 6 minute English. My name is William 

Kremer. 

Neil:    And I'm Neil Edgeller. 

Hollywood style music 

Neil:    Why the dramatic music, Will? 

William: Well, that's some Hollywood-style music to accompany today's story, which is 

a little bit like a Hollywood film. It has a gripping plot and an action hero. 

Neil:    OK, I'm intrigued. 

William: Now, the setting is the Peruvian jungle... 

Neil:    The jungle – a thick, tropical forest. Jungles are the thickest parts of a 

rainforest. 

William: Now, before we go any further Neil, will you allow me to quiz you? 

Neil:    Ah yes, the quiz. I almost forgot about that. 

William: What proportion of Peru is covered by the Amazon rainforest? Is it 

a) 35% 

b) 60%    or 

c) 85%    ? 

Neil:    Well Peru is covered by mountains so I don't think very much, so I'll go for a) 

35%.  

William: Ok, well of course, we'll hear at the end of the programme what the answer is. 

Now, back to our Hollywood-style story: the setting is, as I said, the Peruvian 

jungle and the hero is a policeman called Luis Astuquillca. The details are still 

rather unclear, but we do know that Mr Astuquillca survived an attack by the 

rebel group Shining Path. But that's not all. He was separated from other 

officers and survived by himself for seventeen days in the jungle before 

finding his way to a village. 6 Minute English © British Broadcasting Corporation 2012 

Page 2 of 4 

bbclearningenglish.com 

Neil:    Wow – he survived for seventeen days in the jungle! That is actually rather 

more exciting than most Hollywood films.  

William: Yes, I agree. And now Mr Astuquillca is back in the capital Lima and being 

hailed as a hero. Let's hear the first part of a report by Mattia Cabitza about 

this story. As you listen try to hear whether Luis Astuquillca arrived back in 

Lima unharmed by his experience. 

BBC correspondent Mattia Cabitza: 

Luis Astuquillca is only 22 years old but already a hero in Peru. With a bandaged hand and 

slightly limping, he got off a military plane in Lima and embraced his mother, sister and 

grandmother. The young officer suffered bullet wounds to his leg and arm during a mission 

to rescue 36 people who were kidnapped by the Shining Path rebels earlier this month.  

Neil: So Luis Astuquillca was indeed injured. 

William: That's right, the report said that he had a bandaged hand and was limping. 

A bandage is a strip of material used to cover or protect an injury. It's also a 

verb, meaning to put this material on after someone has had an injury.  

Neil: To limp means to walk unevenly, usually because one of your legs or feet is 

injured. Luis Astuquillca had a bandaged hand and was limping. In fact, he 

had been shot in the arm and leg. But what was Luis Astuquillca doing in the 

jungle in the first place, William? 

William:   Well he was part of a mission to rescue 36 hostages who had been taken by 

that rebel group, Shining Path. Now, a hostage is a person who has been 

taken by someone else, or by a group of people. Now, before they give that 

person back they usually demand money or for something to be done. 

Neil:   Shining Path are a communist rebel group. Back in the 1980s and early 1990s 

they presented a real threat in Peru, but nowadays they only operate in quite 

a small part of the country. But what happened to these hostages, William?  

William: Let's listen to the next clip from the report. See if you can hear what has 

happened to them. 

BBC correspondent Mattia Cabitza: 

The rebels released the hostages six days later, but not without leaving casualties: two 

soldiers and two police officers died, and Mr Astuquillca was one of two policemen who went 

missing.  

Neil: The hostages were released but sadly four people died. What's more, two 

policemen went missing. Luis Astuquillca was one of them, but who was the 

other one? 

William: Well, the other policeman's name is Cesar Vilqua. And unfortunately since 

Mattia Cabitza filed this report for the BBC, Mr Vilqua's body has been found 

in the jungle, so sadly it looks like five people died rather than four. Now, the 

Peruvian government has been criticised for its handling of this situation. 6 Minute English © British Broadcasting Corporation 2012 

Page 3 of 4 

bbclearningenglish.com 

Neil: Its handling, so the way it has reacted to a difficult situation. But why have 

they been criticised for their handling of the situation? Let's listen to the final 

clip from the report.  

BBC correspondent Mattia Cabitza: 

No details are yet known about how he survived for 17 days in the Peruvian jungle. The 

government was quick to say it was thanks to his training in the police force. But the 

Peruvian press has criticised the authorities for their handling of the rescue operation, 

saying that the two officers who went missing were abandoned. 

Neil: So the press in Peru are saying that the missing police officers were 

abandoned by the authorities. If you abandon someone you stop caring for 

them, you leave them to take care of themselves. 

William:   OK, well that was our dramatic Hollywood-style report. Now, what about that 

quiz question, Neil? I asked you what proportion of Peru is covered by the 

Amazon rainforest? Is it 

a) 35% 

b) 60%   or 

c) 85%   ? 

... and you said – 

Neil: I said a) 35%. 

William:   Ok, you were wrong! The answer is b) about 60% of the country. 

Neil: Ok then. Well before we finish, let's hear the words from today's programme 

one more time.  

jungle 

bandage 

to limp 

hostage 

handling 

to abandon someone 

William:   That's all from us for this week. Goodbye! 

Neil: Goodbye! 6 Minute English © British Broadcasting Corporation 2012 

Page 4 of 4 

bbclearningenglish.com 



Vocabulary and definitions 

jungle :thick, tropical forest 

bandage :a strip of material used to cover or protect an injury; 

also a verb, meaning to put this material on an injury 

to limp:to walk unevenly, usually because one of your legs or 

feet is injured  شلیدن، شل و لنگ راه رفتن

hostage :a person who has been taken by someone else, or by a گروگان

group of people. Before they give that person back 

they usually demand money or for something to be 

done. 

handling :the way a person or group reacts to a difficult situation 

to abandon someone:to stop caring for a person, to leave them to take care رها کردن

of themselves. 

Read this story online: 

http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/general/sixminute/2012/05/120503_6min_peruvian_hero_story.shtml  

More on this story: 

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-17902562  

نوشته شده در پنجشنبه بیست و یکم اردیبهشت 1391ساعت 12:19 توسط سیمین|

English at Work 

Episode 13: The Imperial Lemon

Making a pitch 

make a pitch (for someone or something)

Fig. to say something in support of someone or something; to attempt to promote, sell, or advance someone or something. Bill is making a pitch for his friend's new product again. The theatrical agent came in and made a pitch for her client. Every time I turn on the television set, someone is making a pitch.

 

English at Work © British Broadcasting Corporation 2012 

Page 1 of 2

bbclearningenglish.com 

Narrator: Hello, welcome back to the offices of Citrus Ventures!  

  

(broken computer + murmur of people at meeting, as proceedings have 

been interrupted) 

Anna's presentation to Mr Lime and his colleagues continues... Well, 

almost! Her computer has jammed and the presentation, along with her 

notes, are frozen. 

Anna:   Oh no, this is terrible! 

Narrator: Anna, you're going to have to manage without the slideshow or notes. Just 

talk! 

Anna:   Just talk! Just talk! You just talk! What on earth am I going to say? My 

mind is blank.  

Narrator:  Try to remember the key points you wanted to share, and give them one 

by one. If you can, give some facts that support each point. For example:  

Tip Top Trading is growing fast – our number of clients doubled last year.  

  

Use phrases like this: 

The company has a strong track record of... 

Let me share with you... 

The Imperial Lemon's key strengths are... 

Anna:   OK. Ahem!  

   (murmurs die down) 

   Sorry about that, I'll just have to continue talking without the slideshow.  

So, ahem.... Tip Top Trading is growing fast – our number of clients 

doubled last year. This is because our company- 

Narrator:  Yes, but try not to bark out information like a robot. Look people in the 

eye, slow down and try to be more conversational….oh, and smile! 

Anna:   (more conversationally) Tip Top Trading is growing fast – our number of 

clients doubled last year. This is because our company has a strong track 

record of reliability and because, thanks to new technology, our fruits are 

more and more convincing. Our bananas have won awards for being the 

most authentic-looking fruits in Europe.  English at Work © British Broadcasting Corporation 2012 

Page 2 of 2

bbclearningenglish.com 

We are very happy that Citrus Ventures is already among our clients and 

we hope to build on that by offering you more exciting new fruits. 

Let me share with you our latest product: (sound of unzipping of a bag) 

the Imperial Lemon. 

(impressed murmur from the audience) 

   The Imperial Lemon's key strengths are its design and flexibility. It is 

made with revolutionary faux-orange-premium, laser-curve-definition 

technology... (fade out) 

Narrator: What an excellent performance from Anna. She focussed on some key 

points, supported them with facts and structured her answer clearly. She 

also managed to relax and sound more natural. She used these phrases:  

The company has a strong track record of... 

Let me share with you... 

The Imperial Lemon's key strengths are... 

   

Let's fast-forward to after the meeting to see if she gets an order. 

Anna: …so thank you for your time, I hope you're impressed with our Imperial 

Lemon. 

  

Mr Lime: Fantastic Anna, fantastic!  

Anna:   Thank you. 

Mr Lime: Those... lemons – wow. I'd like to put in an order for three hundred 

thousand right away. 

Anna:   Of course. 

Mr Lime: Now, what's your direct phone number? 

Narrator: Good work. Although, I must say, Mr Lime seems just as excited about 

Anna as he is about the lemons. Hmm....watch out Anna! Until next time! 

· Listening Challenge  

Question: What does Anna say are the key strengths of the Imperial Lemon?  

Answer: Its design and flexibility.

نوشته شده در پنجشنبه بیست و یکم اردیبهشت 1391ساعت 11:56 توسط سیمین|


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