چه می خوانم
Whatsoever:به هیچ وجه beauty pageant: beauty contest demonstration::نمایش، تظاهرات، نمایش تجربی، برهان، دلیل A demonstration is a public meeting or march held by people to show that they oppose or support something. Four policemen and ten students were injured during the demonstration. A demonstration of something is a talk in which someone shows you how to do it or how it works. Phil Rickman went to the College for the Blind for a demonstration of the machine by student Adama Bangura. A demonstration is also a proof that something exists or that something such as a theory is true. ...a demonstration of the army's strength.... ...a demonstration of support for Soviet arms control.... It was an unforgettable demonstration of the power of reason. A demonstration of a quality or feeling is an expression of it. ...spontaneous demonstrations of affection.... The actor had a tendency to play the soliloquy as a demonstration of indignation rather than an expression of self-disgust. Discontent:نارضايتي، ناخشنودي، گله شکايت، ناخشنود کردن disingenuous: بدون صراحت لهجه، دورو بدون صميميت If you describe someone as disingenuous, you mean that you think they are slightly dishonest and insincere. He wasn't being disingenuous.... `Do you mean,' she asked with a disingenuous smile, `that it was John?' hatchment:صفحهاي که نشانهاي خانوادگي وسلاح شخص تازه مرده راروي ان نمود oratorical:وابسته به سخنرانی Oratorical means relating to or using oratory; a formal word. ...oratorical skills.... ...a long oratorical speech. This year's report highlights the major impact nutrition has on thewelfare of mothers and children, in particular, the chronicmalnutrition that undermines physical and mental growth, producing stunting and what Save the Children calls the vicious cycle of mothers stunted in childhood who go on to give birth to underweight and vulnerable babies. Food emergencies compound the impact, and Niger is at theepicentre of the emergency currently developing in the Sahel. After two years at the bottom of the index Afghanistan has moved up one position, partly, Save the Children says, because it's invested in more front-line health workers. The agency says the simple measure of supporting more mothers to breastfeed could save a million children's lives a year. Save the Children identifies Norway as the best place to be a mother. It ranks the United Kingdom tenth. Vocabulary and definitions stunt:از رشد بازماندن، کوتاه نگاه داشتن، کوتاه، زور، شاهکار شيرين کاري، شيرين کاري کردن nutrition :the process by which eating food makes someone healthy welfare :health and safety chronic: long-lasting undermines: weakensتحليل بردن، از زير خراب کردن، نقب زدن To undermine a feeling or a system means to make it less strong or less secure. Public confidence in the company had now been completely undermined.... They resented measures which undermined their authority. If you undermine a person, or undermine their position or authority, you make their authority or position less secure, often by indirect methods. Mr Bush will be put in the awkward position of having to appease Mr Mandela while trying to avoid undermining President De Klerk.... He has fatally undermined Mrs Thatcher's authority. If you undermine someone's efforts, or undermine their chances of achieving something, you do something which makes them less likely to succeed. This will fatally undermine Gorbachev's efforts to bring the Baltics in to line.... The unions feel that without the rail link, Britain's chances of prospering after 1992 would be seriously undermined. vicious:بدسگال، بدکار، شرير تباهکار، فاسد، بدطينت نادرست She has a vicious tongue .بد زبان است Someone who is vicious, or who does something vicious, behaves in a cruel and violent way. ...a vicious killer.... The hijackers had carried out a particularly vicious act of terrorism. vicious cycle: a bad situation that repeats itself vulnerable : weak and easily harmed epicentre: central point front-line : important, actually doing the work measure action: ranks positions, scores Helen: Hi Chris, I see you've got an interesting new jumper. Chris: So you can grab someone else's attention by looking at them with your eyes. gaze:زل زل نگاه کردن daze:خیره شدن، گیج شدن، ژولیده شدن The strong emphasis on educational achievement in China, Japan and other parts of South-East Asia may be coming at a heavy price. Researchers say that hard work at school plus the lack ofexposure to outdoor light is damaging the eyes of almost 9 out of 10 students - with 1 in 5 at serious risk of visual impairment and blindness. The scientists say that young people need up to 3 hours a day of outdoor light - but many infants are also missing out as they napduring the middle of the day. Dr. Ian Morgan is the lead author of the study: I think what's happened in South-East Asia is we've got a double whammy. We've got the massive educational pressures and we've got the construction of a child's day in a way that really minimises the amount of time they spend outside in bright light. The scientists say that genetic factors, long thought to play a big role in short sightedness, are not as important as the environment. They point to Singapore as a place with several distinct ethnic groups, all of whom are now suffering high levels of myopia. The authors suggest that mandatory time outdoors should be considered by educational authorities across South-East Asia as a way of dealing with the problem. Vocabulary and definitions emphasis: special importance a heavy price: a high cost / a big loss exposure : time spent being in contact with something visual impairment: damaged sight nap short sleep genetic :connected with genes (units in the cells of a living thing that control its physical characteristics) a big role: a major cause ethnic groups: people connected by different nationalities or race myopia : short-sightedness نزدیک بینی Myopia is the inability to see clearly things which are far away from you; a formal word. mandatory: compulsory BBC Learning English 6 Minute English A Peruvian 'hero' 6 Minute English © British Broadcasting Corporation 2012 Page 1 of 4 bbclearningenglish.com This is not a word for word transcript. William: Hello and welcome to another edition of 6 minute English. My name is William Kremer. Neil: And I'm Neil Edgeller. Hollywood style music Neil: Why the dramatic music, Will? William: Well, that's some Hollywood-style music to accompany today's story, which is a little bit like a Hollywood film. It has a gripping plot and an action hero. Neil: OK, I'm intrigued. William: Now, the setting is the Peruvian jungle... Neil: The jungle – a thick, tropical forest. Jungles are the thickest parts of a rainforest. William: Now, before we go any further Neil, will you allow me to quiz you? Neil: Ah yes, the quiz. I almost forgot about that. William: What proportion of Peru is covered by the Amazon rainforest? Is it a) 35% b) 60% or c) 85% ? Neil: Well Peru is covered by mountains so I don't think very much, so I'll go for a) 35%. William: Ok, well of course, we'll hear at the end of the programme what the answer is. Now, back to our Hollywood-style story: the setting is, as I said, the Peruvian jungle and the hero is a policeman called Luis Astuquillca. The details are still rather unclear, but we do know that Mr Astuquillca survived an attack by the rebel group Shining Path. But that's not all. He was separated from other officers and survived by himself for seventeen days in the jungle before finding his way to a village. 6 Minute English © British Broadcasting Corporation 2012 Page 2 of 4 bbclearningenglish.com Neil: Wow – he survived for seventeen days in the jungle! That is actually rather more exciting than most Hollywood films. William: Yes, I agree. And now Mr Astuquillca is back in the capital Lima and being hailed as a hero. Let's hear the first part of a report by Mattia Cabitza about this story. As you listen try to hear whether Luis Astuquillca arrived back in Lima unharmed by his experience. BBC correspondent Mattia Cabitza: Luis Astuquillca is only 22 years old but already a hero in Peru. With a bandaged hand and slightly limping, he got off a military plane in Lima and embraced his mother, sister and grandmother. The young officer suffered bullet wounds to his leg and arm during a mission to rescue 36 people who were kidnapped by the Shining Path rebels earlier this month. Neil: So Luis Astuquillca was indeed injured. William: That's right, the report said that he had a bandaged hand and was limping. A bandage is a strip of material used to cover or protect an injury. It's also a verb, meaning to put this material on after someone has had an injury. Neil: To limp means to walk unevenly, usually because one of your legs or feet is injured. Luis Astuquillca had a bandaged hand and was limping. In fact, he had been shot in the arm and leg. But what was Luis Astuquillca doing in the jungle in the first place, William? William: Well he was part of a mission to rescue 36 hostages who had been taken by that rebel group, Shining Path. Now, a hostage is a person who has been taken by someone else, or by a group of people. Now, before they give that person back they usually demand money or for something to be done. Neil: Shining Path are a communist rebel group. Back in the 1980s and early 1990s they presented a real threat in Peru, but nowadays they only operate in quite a small part of the country. But what happened to these hostages, William? William: Let's listen to the next clip from the report. See if you can hear what has happened to them. BBC correspondent Mattia Cabitza: The rebels released the hostages six days later, but not without leaving casualties: two soldiers and two police officers died, and Mr Astuquillca was one of two policemen who went missing. Neil: The hostages were released but sadly four people died. What's more, two policemen went missing. Luis Astuquillca was one of them, but who was the other one? William: Well, the other policeman's name is Cesar Vilqua. And unfortunately since Mattia Cabitza filed this report for the BBC, Mr Vilqua's body has been found in the jungle, so sadly it looks like five people died rather than four. Now, the Peruvian government has been criticised for its handling of this situation. 6 Minute English © British Broadcasting Corporation 2012 Page 3 of 4 bbclearningenglish.com Neil: Its handling, so the way it has reacted to a difficult situation. But why have they been criticised for their handling of the situation? Let's listen to the final clip from the report. BBC correspondent Mattia Cabitza: No details are yet known about how he survived for 17 days in the Peruvian jungle. The government was quick to say it was thanks to his training in the police force. But the Peruvian press has criticised the authorities for their handling of the rescue operation, saying that the two officers who went missing were abandoned. Neil: So the press in Peru are saying that the missing police officers were abandoned by the authorities. If you abandon someone you stop caring for them, you leave them to take care of themselves. William: OK, well that was our dramatic Hollywood-style report. Now, what about that quiz question, Neil? I asked you what proportion of Peru is covered by the Amazon rainforest? Is it a) 35% b) 60% or c) 85% ? ... and you said – Neil: I said a) 35%. William: Ok, you were wrong! The answer is b) about 60% of the country. Neil: Ok then. Well before we finish, let's hear the words from today's programme one more time. jungle bandage to limp hostage handling to abandon someone William: That's all from us for this week. Goodbye! Neil: Goodbye! 6 Minute English © British Broadcasting Corporation 2012 Page 4 of 4 bbclearningenglish.com Vocabulary and definitions jungle :thick, tropical forest bandage :a strip of material used to cover or protect an injury; also a verb, meaning to put this material on an injury to limp:to walk unevenly, usually because one of your legs or feet is injured شلیدن، شل و لنگ راه رفتن hostage :a person who has been taken by someone else, or by a گروگان group of people. Before they give that person back they usually demand money or for something to be done. handling :the way a person or group reacts to a difficult situation to abandon someone:to stop caring for a person, to leave them to take care رها کردن of themselves. Read this story online: http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/general/sixminute/2012/05/120503_6min_peruvian_hero_story.shtml More on this story: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-17902562 English at Work Episode 13: The Imperial Lemon Making a pitch make a pitch (for someone or something) English at Work © British Broadcasting Corporation 2012 Page 1 of 2 bbclearningenglish.com Narrator: Hello, welcome back to the offices of Citrus Ventures! (broken computer + murmur of people at meeting, as proceedings have been interrupted) Anna's presentation to Mr Lime and his colleagues continues... Well, almost! Her computer has jammed and the presentation, along with her notes, are frozen. Anna: Oh no, this is terrible! Narrator: Anna, you're going to have to manage without the slideshow or notes. Just talk! Anna: Just talk! Just talk! You just talk! What on earth am I going to say? My mind is blank. Narrator: Try to remember the key points you wanted to share, and give them one by one. If you can, give some facts that support each point. For example: Tip Top Trading is growing fast – our number of clients doubled last year. Use phrases like this: The company has a strong track record of... Let me share with you... The Imperial Lemon's key strengths are... Anna: OK. Ahem! (murmurs die down) Sorry about that, I'll just have to continue talking without the slideshow. So, ahem.... Tip Top Trading is growing fast – our number of clients doubled last year. This is because our company- Narrator: Yes, but try not to bark out information like a robot. Look people in the eye, slow down and try to be more conversational….oh, and smile! Anna: (more conversationally) Tip Top Trading is growing fast – our number of clients doubled last year. This is because our company has a strong track record of reliability and because, thanks to new technology, our fruits are more and more convincing. Our bananas have won awards for being the most authentic-looking fruits in Europe. English at Work © British Broadcasting Corporation 2012 Page 2 of 2 bbclearningenglish.com We are very happy that Citrus Ventures is already among our clients and we hope to build on that by offering you more exciting new fruits. Let me share with you our latest product: (sound of unzipping of a bag) the Imperial Lemon. (impressed murmur from the audience) The Imperial Lemon's key strengths are its design and flexibility. It is made with revolutionary faux-orange-premium, laser-curve-definition technology... (fade out) Narrator: What an excellent performance from Anna. She focussed on some key points, supported them with facts and structured her answer clearly. She also managed to relax and sound more natural. She used these phrases: The company has a strong track record of... Let me share with you... The Imperial Lemon's key strengths are... Let's fast-forward to after the meeting to see if she gets an order. Anna: …so thank you for your time, I hope you're impressed with our Imperial Lemon. Mr Lime: Fantastic Anna, fantastic! Anna: Thank you. Mr Lime: Those... lemons – wow. I'd like to put in an order for three hundred thousand right away. Anna: Of course. Mr Lime: Now, what's your direct phone number? Narrator: Good work. Although, I must say, Mr Lime seems just as excited about Anna as he is about the lemons. Hmm....watch out Anna! Until next time! · Listening Challenge Question: What does Anna say are the key strengths of the Imperial Lemon? Answer: Its design and flexibility.
He was an aloof loner with no sense of humour.
The Royal Family must remain aloof from party politics.
My first instinct was to resign.
He looked dishevelled and agitated.... She heard his agitated voice calling after them.... I sent agitated messages to Miss Gray.
I don't want to agitate him unduly.
...a group agitating against the use of chemical fertilizers.
This would not have surprised Morris unduly.... This attitude seemed to me unduly fussy.
Chris: Ah, yes. I went to the market this weekend. I wasn't looking for a new jumper but I walked past a vintage clothing stall and this just caught my eye.
Helen: Ow, did it hurt?
Chris: No, no. It's just a way of saying it attracted my attention and it made me want to take a closer look. I eventually bought it for only £10. What do you think?
Helen: Well, it's OK. But I don't really like the yellow colour with orange sleeves. It's a bit bright.
Chris: What do you mean?
Helen: I have to be honest Chris: bright colours don't really suit you.
Chris: Oh. Well, it might not be to your taste, but I'm sure other people will like it.
Helen: Jen, what do you think of Chris's outfit today?
Jen: Wow, that's an eye-catching jumper! Don't tell me you actually paid for that?
Chris: Wh-
Helen: An eye-catching jumper. So when it catches your eye, you notice it.
Jen: That's right, Helen. But eye-catching doesn't necessarily mean it's bright – like Chris's interesting jumper. It can be something that you quickly see because it surprises or interests you.
Chris: You can also catch other people's eyes.
Helen: Urgh, I hope no-one throws their eyes at me!
Chris: It's a gesture that can be romantic - to catch someone's eye across a crowded room. Let's listen to some examples:
Helen: Hmm. If I see someone I like, should I be polite and ask them if I can catch their eye?
Chris: No, it's just something you do when you look at someone. You don't need to ask.
Helen: I'm looking around the room. I'm looking around the room. And now I'm looking at you, Chris. I'm catching your eye.
Chris: That's right.
Helen: I'm catching your eye!
Chris: Well, it is only temporary. If you look for any longer it can become a stare.
Helen: I've caught your eye!
Chris: Yes, yes you have… OK, you are definitely staring at me now.
stare:خیره شدن
If the eye is too long, the result is short-sightedness or myopia.
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